Publications
Shumla Research in Peer ReviewShumla publishes widely. Browse our publications to learn more about our projects, radiocarbon dating, mural interpretation and Shumla’s methods of rock art preservation.
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Projects & Methods
The Hearthstone Project: Applying Archaeological Science, Formal Art Analysis, and Indigenous Knowledge to Rock Art Research
2023| American Indian Rock Art, Volume 49, edited by Amy Gilreath, Ken Hedges, and Anne McConnell, pp. 135-150. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd, J. Phil Dering, and Karen L. Steelman
Around the Lower Pecos in 1,095 Days: The Alexandria Project
2019 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 45, edited by Ken Hedges and Anne McConnell, pp. 147-160. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Charles W. Koenig, Amanda M. Castañeda, Victoria L. Roberts, Jerod L. Roberts, Carolyn E. Boyd and Karen L. Steelman
Digital Documentation and the Archaeology of the Lower Pecos Canyonlands
2012 | Virtual Archaeology Review 3(5): 98-103.
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd, Francisco Marcos Marin, Christopher Goodmaster, Angel Johnson, Amanda M. Castañeda and Benjamin Dwyer
Lower Pecos Rock Art Recording and Preservation Project
2011 | Archaeological Institute of America: Heritage, Conservation and Archaeology. pp. 1-7.
Authors: Angel Johnson, Carolyn Boyd, and Amanda Castaneda
Iconographic & Interpretive Analyses
Images-in-the-making. Process and vivification in Pecos River style rock art.
2021 | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2021
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd
Speech-Breath: Mapping the Multisensory Experience in Pecos River Style Pictography
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd and Ashley Busby
The White Shaman Mural: An Enduring Creation Narrative in the Rock Art of the Lower Pecos
2016 | University of Texas Press, Austin | Order book
Author: Carolyn E. Boyd
State of the Art: Rock Art of the Lower Pecos Canyonlands
2014 | International Newsletter on Rock Art (INORA) 69: 1-13
Author: Carolyn E. Boyd
Revisiting the Stylistic Classification of a Charcoal Pictograph in the Lower Pecos
2014 | Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 85: 235-241
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd, Marvin W. Rowe, and Karen L. Steelman
La peinture rupestre du Chaman blanc: Un recit cosmogonique au Texas
2013 | Les Dossiers d’Archéologie 358: 72-75
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd and Kim Cox
A Reassessment of Red Linear Pictographs in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas
2013 | American Antiquity 78(3): 456-482.
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd, Amanda M. Castañeda and Charles W. Koenig
El Arte Rupestre de Tejas: Análosis Contextual de Motivos Recurrentes en el Area de la Desembocadura del Río Pecos
2010 | Revista Iberoamericana de Linguistica 5: 5-42.
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd and Francisco A. Marcos Marin
Medicinal and Hallucinogenic Plants Identified in the Sediments and the Pictographs of the Lower Pecos, Texas Archaic
1996 | Antiquity 70(269): 256-275.
Authors: Carolyn E. Boyd and J. Philip Dering
Shamanic Journeys into the Otherworld of the Archaic Chichimec
1996 | Latin American Antiquity 7(2): 152-164.
Author: Carolyn E. Boyd
Chemical Analyses—Lower Pecos
Geochemical Analyses at Eagle Cave, Texas: Radiocarbon Dating Oxalate Accretions Associated with Rock Paintings
2021 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 47, edited by David A. Kaiser, Mavis Greer, James D. Keyser, pp. 227-240
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Jessica L. DeYoung, Charles D. Frederick, Charles W. Koenig, Carolyn E. Boyd
Implications of rock art dating from the Lower Pecos Canyonlands, TX: A review
2021 | Quaternary Geochronology 63: article 101167
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Carolyn E. Boyd, Lennon N. Bates
Note: (Login to the journal using your library’s subscription to download or contact ksteelman@shumla.org to request a copy of this article.)
Two independent methods for dating rock art: Age determination of paint and oxalate layers at Eagle Cave, TX
2021 | Journal of Archaeological Science 126: article 105315
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Carolyn E. Boyd, Trinidy Allen
Note: (Login to the journal using your library’s subscription to download or contact ksteelman@shumla.org to request a copy of this article.)
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyses at the Meyers Spring Pictograph Site
2020 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 46, edited by Richard A. Rogers, Evelyn Billo, and Robert Mark, pp. 65-78. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Charles W. Koening, Amanda M. Castaeda, Jerod L. Roberts, Victoria L. Roberts
Discovering Hidden Layers with X-ray Vision: New Applications of pXRF to Rock Art Studies
2020 | Chapter 17 in Archaeological Chemistry: A Multidisciplinary Analysis of the Past, edited by Mary Virginia Orna and Seth Rasmussen, pp. 428-264. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Victoria L. Roberts, Carolyn E. Boyd
Lost Canyon West Shelter: New Pictograph Radiocarbon Dates
2020 | Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 91: 167-177.
Authors: J. Michael Quigg, Karen L. Steelman, Victoria L. Roberts, Jerod L. Roberts
Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Red Linear Style Figures at 41VV1000
2019 | Bulletin of the Texas Archeological Society 90: 19-34.
Authors: Amanda M. Castañeda, Charles W. Koenig, Jerod L. Roberts, Victoria L. Roberts, Jay D. Franklin, Carolyn E. Boyd, Karen L. Steelman
Portable X-Ray fluorescence of Lower Pecos painted pebbles: New insights regarding pigment choice and chronology
2019 | Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 25: 56-71.
Authors: Amanda M.Castañeda, Charles W.Koenig, Marvin W.Rowe, Karen L. Steelman
A Black Deer at Black Cave: New Pictograph Radiocarbon Date for the Lower Pecos, Texas
2015 | Journal of Texas Archeology and History 2: 45-57.
Authors: Lennon N. Bates, Amanda M. Castañeda, Carolyn E. Boyd, and Karen L. Steelman
Portable X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Pictographs: A Case Study From the Lower Pecos Canyonlands, Texas
2014 | Archaeometry 56: 168-186.
Authors: C. W. Koenig, A. M. Castañeda, C. E. Boyd, M. W. Rowe, K. L. Steelman
Lower Pecos and Coahuila peyote: new radiocarbon dates
2006 | Journal of Archaeological Science 33: 1017-1021.
Authors: Martin Terry, Karen L. Steelman, Thomas P. Guilderson, J. Philip Dering, Marvin W. Rowe
Non-destructive radiocarbon dating: Naturally mummified infant bundle from SW Texas
2004 | American Antiquity 69: 741-750.
Authors: K. L. Steelman, M. W. Rowe, S. A. Turpin, T. Guilderson, L. Nightengale
Note: This publication includes images of human remains.
Chemical Analyses—Worldwide
Under the Alcove: Radiocarbon Dates for V-neck Anthropomorphs
2023| American Indian Rock Art, Volume 49, edited by Amy Gilreath, Ken Hedges, and Anne McConnell, pp. 21-30. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Lawrence L. Loendorf, Karen L. Steelman, and David A. Kaiser
Serpentine Bends Site #1: Radiocarbon Dating Prehistoric Soot and Associated Pictographs
2021 | Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 37: article 102925
Authors: Marvin W. Rowe, Lawrence L. Loendorf, Myles R. Miller, Karen L. Steelman
Note: (Login to the journal using your library’s subscription to download or contact ksteelman@shumla.org to request a copy of this article.)
Radiocarbon Dating the Guadalupe Red Linear Style in the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico
2019 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 45, edited by Ken Hedges and Anne McConnell, pp. 115-129. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Eric Dillingham, Margaret Berrier, Lennon N. Bates, Robert Mark, Evelyn Billo
Cova Eirós: An Integrated Approach to Dating the Earliest Known Cave Art in NW Iberia
2017 | Radiocarbon 59: 151-164.
Authors: Karen L Steelman, Arturo de Lombera-Hermida, Ramón Viñas-Vallverdú, Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez, Fernando Carrera-Ramírez, Albert Rubio-Mora, Ramon Fábregas-Valcarce
Strategies for 14C Dating the Oxtotitlán Cave Paintings, Guerrero, Mexico
2017 | Advances in Archaeological Practice 5: 170-183.
Authors: Jon Russ, Mary D. Pohl, Christopher L. von Nagy, Karen L. Steelman, Heather Hurst, Leonard Ashby, Paul Schmidt, Eliseo F. Padilla Gutiérrez, and Marvin W. Rowe
Old Painted Zigzags in the Jornada Mogollon Region
2016 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 42, edited by Ken Hedges, pp. 107-113. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Lawrence Loendorf, Karen Steelman, Mark Willis, Myles Miller
Results from the first intensive dating program for pigment art in the Australian arid zone: insights into recent social complexity
2014 | Journal of Archaeological Science 46: 195-204.
Authors: Jo McDonald, Karen L. Steelman, Peter Veth, Jeremy Mackey, Josh Loewen, Casey R. Thurber, T.P. Guilderson
Chemistry as a Criterion for Selecting Pictographs for Radiocarbon Dating: Lost Again Shelter in the Guadalupe Mountains of Southeastern New Mexico
2011 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 37, edited by Mavis Greer, John Greer, and Peggy Whitehead, pp. 37-47. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Marvin W. Rowe, Robert Mark, Evelyn Billo, Margaret Berrier, Karen L. Steelman, Eric Dillingham
First Radiocarbon Dating of Oxalate Crusts over Spanish Prehistoric Rock Art
2006 | International Newsletter on Rock Art (INORA) 46: 1-5.
Authors: Juan F. Ruiz, Marti Mas, Antonio Hernanz, Marvin W. Rowe, Karen L. Steelman, Jacque DuPriest, Jose M. Gavira
Dating Pictographs: Independent Dates and Their Implications for Rock Art
2005 | Making Marks: Graduate Studies in Rock Art Research at the New Millennium. ARARA Occasional Paper No. 5, edited by Jennifer K. Huang and Elizabeth V. Culley, pp. 15-26. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman and Marvin W. Rowe
AMS Dates from Four Late Prehistoric Period Rock Art Site in West Central Montana
2005 | Plains Anthropologist 50: 57-71.
Authors: Sara A. Scott, Carl M. Davis, Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Tom Guilderson
Direct radiocarbon dating of megalithic paints from north-west Iberia
2005 | Antiquity 79: 379-389.
Authors: K. L. Steelman, F. Carrera Ramírez, R. Fábregas Valcarce, T. Guilderson, and M. W. Rowe
San Pedro Eye of the Cave: Painting of the past dated for the present
2004 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 30, edited by JT O’Conner, pp. 119-128. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Jane P. Childress, Jane Kolber, Marvin W. Rowe, and Thomas P. Guilderson
Dating Rock Art: An Imperative Need for Independent Verification
2003 | Mammoth Trumpet 18: 4-15.
Authors: Marvin W. Rowe & Karen L. Steelman
Comment on “some evidence of a date of first humans to arrive in Brazil”
2003 | Journal of Archaeological Science 30: 1349-1351.
Authors: Marvin W. Rowe & Karen L. Steelman
Radiocarbon Dates for Rock Paintings in Ignatievskaya Cave, Russia, Holocene Age for Supposed Pleistocene Fauna
2002 | Antiquity 76: 341-348.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Victor N. Shirokov, John R. Southson
Stable Isotope and Radiocarbon Analyses of a Black Deposit Associated With Pictographs at Little Lost River Cave, Idaho
2002 | Journal of Archaeological Science 29: 1189-1198.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Thomas W. Boutton , John R. Southon, Carolynne L. Merrell, and Richard D. Hill
Little Lost River Cave, Idaho: Electron Probe Microanalysis of a Black Deposit Associated with Pictographs
2002 | American Indian Rock Art, Volume 28, edited by Alanah Woody, pp. 111-120. American Rock Art Research Association.
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Ray N. Guillemette, Carolynne L. Merrell, and Richard D. Hill
Radiocarbon Age Determination of a Rock Painting at Arnold/Tainter Cave, Wisconsin
2001 | Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 26: 121-131.
Author: Karen L. Steelman, Marvin W. Rowe, Robert F. Boszhardt, John R. Southon
Feasibility of Radiocarbon Dating of Pictographs from Piaui, Brazil
2000 | SBPN Scientific Journal 4: 90-97
Authors: Karen L. Steelman, Elise Waltman, Marvin W. Rowe